摘要
本文記錄以運行於VMware Workstation 16 Player上的第20.04版Ubuntu MATE作業系統來設置無線熱點(Wi-Fi Hotspot)的注意事項。
本文
參考這裡的說明在Ubuntu MATE設置無線熱點,用以進行網路位址轉譯及封包轉發。其中,無線熱點LAN端為一實體USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡,它將透過VMware Workstation 16 Player由Windows 11 Pro宿主機器附加至Ubuntu MATE 20.04虛擬機器,WAN端則為一VMware Workstation 16 Player提供的NAT網路卡。最後,使用iPhone SE 2020作為station進行連線測試。
相關指令條列如下。
sudo apt update
sudo apt install hostapd
sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf
sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd
sudo service hostapd unmask
sudo service hostapd start
sudo service hostapd stop
sudo apt install isc-dhcp-server
sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces
sudo service networking restart
sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
sudo service hostapd start
echo 1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.10.0.0/16 -o ens33 -j MASQUERADE
sudo iptables -t nat -L -nv
cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
ip -4 route list
ip -4 addr list
ip link list
cat /var/lib/dhcp/dhcpd.leases
lsusb
iw list
sudo apt install hwinfo
lshw -class network
sudo apt install inxi
inxi -S -b
相關組態修改以及查詢結果截圖如下。
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJMzTQdjL-WZrF7Ix4cA9u7-YiPnkxSN68imHGNp6QbIwBOdCaynpQCubxQ8IE1Q3aZmRRyfy3AJ4R5S9UVCQptzh6kP58_NdiMToch5o6p7X2lKe6NpLHOMljEc5qfkxPpDZhEBgV1xkF0w7kAPDJ55I-fxi9lYJLjpD81f-uZ9dPYHS2JY1LEcaZnuDI/w400-h268/vm-hotspot-01.png) |
附加USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZB1HlrTiCxbG7FI_-7_ohWP36WRhSxgekzBMG_bhuZFQimD7QoWzO5P0SRoviIB-Y-mvXQtWA7dWR0z_7B3I_47NCkVccnTuwnb-yQg9gi33cpy_WZcVAJjua-xrDiuKsg5Dit05ywp3lmHbQAE-k1xHJjRDUPu80zMHEKGmnPnS4Ii5irpqSEP6vN7X7/w400-h133/vm-hotspot-02.png) |
查詢USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的硬體資訊,之一 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOZ5q-WYDRCx7_tnqRKFnyowf89hDldVcWzldauQuqjPfX9EbPFvAFa7380ZwT8WnnnYpsQLPrwQZwNjEQN6LYAksFgd647rbA-Wux3O91mE91zdYBaW01Bh2AP-CeUbcGKK3DpGQf1fBs5J71ggUHM5Kp_e7DUxgAE12eU-HBRrYSCLI9ZuF9DnUo-94R/w400-h74/vm-hotspot-03.png) |
查詢USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的硬體資訊,之二 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYujbGui6iLbnpcay7HhrIyrQbQ-uskkhOnYVSc570IhCi4sZr4g7t_o_tk4V1wMOIvpK9T-_VSdjgEyjsKYNJxtrgwqq35MQx71G7pqluB_NilkNeocXAvK2gQoYwdstzKUJB2HqtWWdEuFPt3Ev6I4boD-fSXNGpQ-V3Y8oPdryLeCVAYrC1p6vpVAL9/w400-h258/vm-hotspot-04.png) |
查詢USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的硬體資訊,之三 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPopbWyaN0jAHSfG5gMuKDCH6UhhCP2UIzr7wb5Pqbr0v2JjTzyLU9gu91Xc0WsZ5lcvsjjSjrPDL2MaC2sqYtW4kv40-1tzwflYum3FXMdumpme8hI554hejXQlwrOF4ptf1ApraNtV-K0Ct0FOyS8wiU_JD1Eei_HEsqa_lCPID4sm-znieBHFUEOKxM/w400-h225/vm-hotspot-05.png) |
查詢USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的介面資訊,之一 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpj6DPTR6AIN40nXMpvqB2ML9WfnQcwXbtTujoU9nQOIAErH4DWFG6A0wAN0ffRNR5OOKwQeQ4lVPKrS0xz1em2IeB4HcwLNozUm09fIIxAa6yltp2fG_THQTT85SmAX16WHnVF6dLmQGd-Ep8ItVvyQzKTkhpTRMxXQvoY0DnEDq3iSHI2Y-FO0rjg9ho/w400-h80/vm-hotspot-06.png) |
查詢USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的介面資訊,之二 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8So91iVlyvSIAqxB2rTHLD8eApcjmEuoQn0rUw1eXp7xLW_FsqGL6lTla5AzEyb5_JD_7uEouJh9UUW3JvibNSLGgrzn6vnAS62XOurKrsCdUupi3te7fE0ftwItSdLbvWEXisUVALANhxss_FRkYDI2FZcYjNon7Ln3VXs92n6Iz2Hw2f_48WLf3Dkt8/w400-h100/vm-hotspot-07.png) |
查詢每張網路卡的定址資訊 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwytC5OLDaxW-hmP_1AU1KPLWgTPxOmybgAGlxyIDjhOO5xhFGUlTTbM1i2tdrczIpiF1h8pa_b46U7_VJk8cNcmDMWJX_-rROzeJj0YEA_ySSnxDgFxiJ74Oj6sk06f-5a_05anQLoa_cz0ZM_EaRsOIsyubOMGUlgxqKf7A4pOzpSXMrbPVtdPf3gC8x/w400-h74/vm-hotspot-08.png) |
查詢選徑與轉發資訊 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjny3ozdfFmCvrZP9vz2NdQkfiRJ8b7d64ghdLOoUL_VwEvY1cwyO4xPk-cYsDgU-CkdlPXAYSUfs60hNVXDk0_A8VIQoBZAhxQu1MDV-1nMwUA-RY4MB1-QGWLanD1zSSxJjPokhocN5-LJv6d-v30wV9vwogqwmuz16o0uii6tf3RBKBOwOXrHcNwIwtk/w400-h54/vm-hotspot-09.png) |
查詢IPv4網路位址轉譯設定與狀態 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIjPxyjBFhbKMFqdYph3iHGhpHVLGZ2tg7BPWuJzT6ALdO5QGQTAenOKHG5kEnHahYsm4PGenBO1ZigMa18NqSnszCkKt0U1aDlT1mDeaRKzeaeheb-rIBQclYWR6Q7FZwIa2zC9EPH9CcgxvMp4n87tNl_nrjrowPQbRf9ngR2PkXnPy4P_vMCCZQQ14z/w400-h159/vm-hotspot-10.png) |
查詢DHCPv4租約資訊 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOIjs-F8NckzTUVsl7O2GsatiEBN_1zyMHDyGLG9T-KKiAr8hE2Gn9q7lCfQci_7BHzBu8u7BEuhnrCFEBJMRMEkrdniSmkD-9TvUPdDkxGsTlKSz8xzELllaPjdF2X9NlvfLixr7aIMAKJlJXvHLvY1aalWuQpfZby9w2J9U3F-Ew8T9rRwG0MRDhg-TN/w225-h400/vm-hotspot-11.PNG) |
於iPhone SE 2020查詢station的定址資訊 |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge0015ES1ToEfEXH_1bNKWBM8pQG4Q8msFCuDLdqq64HS4qukhuKFLaoOhywnXJPUr9x768oIlpXpHPcG3RGMsxr5nEWsPYVnMizyzWK-xJHRQDDIcce6FAv9GiKt_E2f7ypvKB7krh9CDolYb1EYjeOWwdMbvRH20u4btwTjD3hHU-SJvOJ-1CXaurYCu/w400-h126/vm-hotspot-12.png) |
Access Point設置內容(hostapd套件) |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuT-HXQGYWW5FO2T-1_gnqaBmCu-D8l9pvEIIjc45h5qEiuGTd71MoT8Z8wlOmVnAhzRGJ9IjdCCZL1eewp5POAondolW6UjVZxxc4GjWVPZX4Y6Gt6X0RznwjzmMkyJd5FgtWOysN_IeZBQ17ieJNvPwXCcaLHLod62we6sYELYI4pCrgvuBzZ1jw86fz/w400-h258/vm-hotspot-13.png) |
DHCPv4設置內容(isc-dhcp-server套件) |
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjP73EO6KMwqk_awIJZtDeAg6uIqDVjrjamjZec3a_m6sf4ZClxQATpR7cM_wh52sh_sgGixtD2oLOX1Ce1s1LZjHAhl-JFA2VYHqBbiS3L6WU0ggJBXqrYKByijCz99-XjtT1YptTDH2qUpLLejncQvyu-VZeNU-7TmHHf9LM6lsDazzzWqMBBjj3VzlCn/w400-h88/vm-hotspot-14.png) |
USB介面2.4GHz無線網路卡的介面設置內容(ifupdown套件)
|
![](https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWTi_v7A-zfV9pME4iUJND0-_U753Oy6GGBh0kyvcyRXyCbkAFTUWVFPJYrQgjTfFB9NQsbcpmIsNcx3N5OYWtpHjK7AcZPdMc9rMDYDxXRWENyW6PHdvA6kUY66eyStO0Ba9tpF6c9JbXeNOVyF19jchfzX1C5IM6eL92nXH7HIgmEkeDnjKYbzLm6Cho/w400-h73/vm-hotspot-15.png) |
示意圖 |
完成。
參考文獻
https://arnab-k.medium.com/ubuntu-how-to-setup-a-wi-fi-hotspot-access-point-mode-192cbb2eeb90
https://medium.com/@ghxst.dev/setting-up-a-wireless-access-point-on-a-virtual-machine-ffa0d9ac7d9a
https://www.golinuxcloud.com/etc-network-interfaces-missing-ubuntu/
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